Kids & Money Survey Results
Posted by Gail | Filed under Kids & Money
Y’all were wonderful at giving cogent and thoughtful feedback on the survey. Thanks so much. Thank you to www.getrichslowly.org and www.canadiancapitalist.com for linking to the site too. And now, here’s what you had to say:
Every man jack thinks schools should play some part in helping our kids learn about money. As Lilblueyes says, “My daughter may never need to know about a frog’s digestive system, but she’ll definitely need to know about personal finance in her life.”
When to start varies from the very early grades: kids pretending to shop – to much later grades: investing. People seem to agree that a clearly defined curriculum would be necessary and that the more integrated the curriculum the better. So math class would include financial computations like adding and subtracting change and compounding interest, while other courses (mostly at high school) would deal with things like creating a budget, understanding the implications of borrowing, and getting ready to take on student loans.
Leslie made some interesting points…
- I would start around Grade 3 and not just dry topics but meaningful issues that the kids can equate to daily living.
- One of the first things that needs to be taught is taxes. They need to understand that taxes come off first and you don’t have gross pay to set your budget.
- It is imperative that the kids are prepared for the onslaught of credit cards and buy now pay later deals that they are faced with as they get older.
Every single answer to the question of what should be covered included budgeting and saving. Hmmm. I guess those are real hot-spots. Luk made the distinction between “productive debt versus consumption debt” while psychsarah said “school debt-figure out how much you can handle on the expected income you’ll have when you’re done and then only take on that much, find other ways to make up the slack etc.) essentially, have a plan to pay back what you owe.”
Lots of people say the curriculum should cover “compound interest”, which, it already does. So I asked my Alex (grade 12) what the problem is and she pointed out it’s all about the calculation of compound interest and not the “implication” of compound interest. Hmmm.
A few people pointed out that there are courses available at high school. Part of the problem is that those kids who are academically focused choose to prioritize the credits they’ll need for university, which is why those courses go unused by many. As Danielle points out, “most students prefer to take more topics centering on their specific career goals.”
Surprisingly few people trust that community resources like bankers would be useful to the process. I sense a significant mistrusting of the financial services sector. However (and I’m a little surprised at this), the majority of people don’t think banks should be held liable for not educating people on borrowing. Only a few people expressed sentiments similar to Cat’s:
The banking institutions have all the necessary information to assess whether or not someone would be a good candidate to lend money, however, my beliefs are that these institutions are focused more on their own gains, than the potential downfalls of the client.
Y’all wish you knew more earlier, which is why (I think) you’re so sure that kids need a formal money education. I wonder how many of the people who do well with their money had money lessons at home, versus having what Granny used to call “common sense.” I mean it is pretty self-evident that you shouldn’t spend more money than you make. So why do some people go off with their credit cards cocked and ready to shop, while others won’t spend a penny they can’t afford to pay back immediately? Hmmm. Everyone’s big regret seems to be, as edgarella put it, “being in debt and paying tons of interest” or not starting to save early enough.
I am heartened to see the number of people who now realize that a budget isn’t a straight-jacket but, as reallysparkle put it, “Budgeting isn’t bad… it’s a means to financial control & can actually be a lot of fun, it does take discipline, but it’s worth it.” I think we’re making progress.
People seem to agree that to change things everyone has to get involved. We have to let “the school system” know that our expectations for what they deliver has changed. We have to go, plan in hand, to our schools and push hard for the inclusion of lessons. As lilblueyes put it, “[to] ensure the next generation of adults knows how money works? …We need to encourage schools that personal finance is just as important as biology!” And I agree with danadk when (s)he says, “I think education is the best first step and will at least provide the tools for people to make more concious decisions. I also think that the current economy has been a wake up call to many. However, I can also see most returning to their free-wheeling spending once it improves.”
Here’s what I think:
I think part of the problem with how money is currently taught is that it’s presented as “money lessons” and not in the context of people’s lives. While I think much of the money lessons need to start early, those are the lessons best taught at home. Teaching a child to “save 10%” needs to start early (age 6) and be reinforced consistently (using an allowance) for it to be incorporated into a child’s “Rules Book.” Just like lessons on taking a bath, brushing your teeth or eating your veggies, “saving” is something you do because you’re supposed to. Everyone would rather have a toy. Saving has to be ingrained; it has to be a reflex. Sadly, I don’t think you can teach that at school. All those school lessons on The Food Pyramid do squat to offset the bags of potato chips and pop at home!
A school curriculum for money needs to happen when kids can realistically relate to the issues. Starting in Grade 5 there should be an annual “money project” that focuses on how much money it takes to keep body and soul together, how to plan to use that money, and what to do with the “extra.” Smart consuming – i.e., the impact of advertising, etc. – could be introduced, as could the distinction between needs and wants. Even if the same project is repeated from grades 5 to 9, the learning would change with maturity and the reinforcement would be good for kids.
Here’s a memory from Brenda:
I remember (back in 1976), in Grade 5 in a small town (Ontario), doing a section on being in a family. You had to keep a baby (a doll) with a partner, go through the grocery fliers and plan a week’s groceries, and keep a budget for your household. In that same class, we went on a field trip to the only bank in town (Royal), and each of us took some money and opened up our own bank accounts. They gave us a tour of the bank, told us how to fill in the deposit/withdrawal forms, and we came back to school with our bankbooks. We also learned how to write cheques properly. That class still sticks with me today, and I wish the schools of today would do the same thing.
While this may not be the most popular view, I think holding off until Grade 10 or 11 for some heavy-duty money lessons makes sense. Then there should be a course on Your Money & Your Life that puts kids through the financial planning process… everything from:
- cash flow management (budgeting, bank accounts, living within your means)
- how much is enough? (making money, gross vs net income, covering your overhead, hourly disposable income, prioritizing needs and wants)
- debt management (how much CAN you afford to repay, how much it’ll cost you if you screw up your credit history, the real cost of buying on credit, debt traps),
- goal setting (so you want to buy a house, a car, a boat? Here’s how…),
- saving & investing (the difference and why it’s important, how to…, how to take it to the next level when you’re ready: resources you can use to get smarter about putting your money to work for you).
- savvy consuming (who to believe, advertising’s impact, trust but verify, shopping smart)
A careers class in grade 9 is lost on kids who can’t conceive of a career. A Your Money & Your Life class in Grades 11 and 12 makes perfect sense for kids who are gearing up to move away from home. If the program can’t be integrated into the existing curriculum – teachers and administrators, I know your pain – then, at the very least, there should be a series of half-day workshops for kids to be exposed to this stuff. Kids miss regular classes for all sorts of stuff from athletics to music to drama. Integrating 3 or 4 half-day workshops on Your Money & Your Life into the year shouldn’t be a problem.
As for the more sophisticated topics like investing, how to read an income statement and a balance sheet, I truly can’t see kids of 18 relating to this information. However, I do agree that it’s important that kids understand that “learning” is an ongoing, life-long process, and that they need to take personal responsibility for it. It’s damn hard to convince people of the benefits of an RRSP if they haven’t bought the benefits of “saving.” Teach them to save, and then teach them how to educate themselves (where to go, what to look for, how to find what they need) at the next level.
As for lenders’ responsibility and liability in lending, I’m with Sarah who said:
Lending irresponsibly costs us all, as we are now seeing on a global level. I’m a huge proponent for personal responsibility, but giving a teenager without any source of income access to a huge line of credit or numerous credit cards is absurd. Yes, it is in the fine print, but a lot of that is mumbo jumbo to kids who haven’t learned the basics from home or school.
I’ve saved the “resources” for a second blog because I’m all typed out. I guess the next question is this: now that we have identified the problem and some solutions, what are WE going to do about it?
TTFN
April 6, 2009 at 7:25 am
Gail
Speak about the need to the general public on radio or TV to get the public on side. Get some articles into the newspaper about teaching children how to budget and how to avoid the pitfalls of debt.
Write an article with the data attached for any of the publications which go to teachers – both elementary and secondary. Call OSSTF, ETFO, OECTA etc. Also, there is a publication put out by the College of Teachers. Call the College and get that info.
Write to the Minister of Education with the data attached.
Call the Ministry and get the name of the people who have any power over curriculum and it’s being revised. These are the people to send your data to and include your vision as to how it is to be developed in schools.
Be a presenter at any of the major subject conferences where you gain access to teachers and impress them with what you want to have the next generation learn. They are the key people who can make it work individually.
April 6, 2009 at 9:20 am
Gail,
I’m surprised you’ve never hooked up with an organization called Junior Achievement. I know my workplace is a partner of it, but basically, we have volunteers here to go into classrooms (grade 5s and 8s, if I’m not mistaken), and deliver a one-day workshop on various money lessons. While I don’t personally have the patience to do an effective job, there are a lot of great people I work with who take time out of their schedules to deliver these important messages.
http://www.jacan.org.
April 6, 2009 at 9:36 am
Stsammy, I have seen the Junior Achievement stuff and will write (briefly) about it when I blog on resources. However, JA does not address all the issues that I believe young adults need to be exposed to, and there’s no consistent delivery of their programs… which I don’t get since they offer them at no cost to schools. Hmmm.
Gemini, do you have contacts at OSSTF, ETFO, OECTA, etc, or at the ministry level? While your suggestions are good, I am one girl on a computer… no, I don’t have a “staff”… and I believe that it will take many voices for this message to be received.
April 6, 2009 at 9:59 am
I was so thankful to one teacher in my daughters school that taught one lesson on money management.. it was a few years ago when she was in grade 4. He basically took an average monthly take-home amount and put it on the board then subtracted all the usual expenses (mortgage/rent, utilities, groceries etc) He used the amount of $2000 to start and all the students thought that it was alot of money.. until he started subtracting lol.. my daughter came home with her eyes opened. She told me the story of how amazed the class was on how little that large amount streched in the real world. She still cites that lesson to this day and started budgeting and saving soon after that. Of course, my husband and I have been teaching her about money as well but I can’t say enough about the impact of that one lesson with a teacher that she respected and all of her classmates learning together had on her. I truly believe that we should write to the school boards and whoever else we need to to get these lessons implemented in our school curiculum. Gail, if you could make a general letter that we can all print, sign and send out I think that would help. I’m sure the proper wording of a letter would go far and would be very effective, especially if the school board is getting hundreds or thousands of the same requests…
April 6, 2009 at 10:22 am
…Didi…I think a general letter stating several important points to cover would be an excellent idea!!!! I would love to start something here,especially where I live in such a small community where money is generally tight, and a lot of people think they have to move away to work to make enough of it. Education is soo important, and small kids are like sponges, and maybe they can even give their parents a lesson or two!! lol
April 6, 2009 at 10:30 am
Hi Gail.
While OSSTF/FEESO, OECTA, and ETFO are the teacher’s unions, I think curriculum change needs to be addressed at the provincial government level.
Here are the addresses and contact numbers for them.
OSSTF/FEESO
60 Mobile Dr.
Toronto, ON
M4A 2P3
tel. 416-751-8300
fax. 416-751-3394
toll free. 1-800-267-7867
OECTA Provincial Office
65 St Clair Ave E, suite 400
Toronto, ON
M4T 2Y8
tel. 416-925-2493
fax. 416-925-7764
toll free ON only. 1-800-268-7230
ETFO
480 University Ave, suite 1000
Toronto, ON
M5G 1V2
tel. 416-962-3836
fax. 416-642-2424
toll free. 1-888-838-3836
The website for the Ministry of Education in Ontario is
http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/
If you would like me to do more research as to how to go about changing curriculum to include more ‘money education’, just send me an email.
April 6, 2009 at 10:59 am
One area I think that shouldn’t be missed is Investing; what the stock market is (that it’s not gambling). how to read a balance sheet, what the difference between a buy and sell price in foreign currency is, MERs, index investing, etc. In short let’s do at least some high-er finance in with budgeting for grocery money – both are important.
April 6, 2009 at 11:51 am
I envision a sort of Jamie Oliver Gail going to the public schools and putting financial education on the menu
Go Gail!! I think it’s a worthy cause.
April 6, 2009 at 12:06 pm
Hummmmmm
I see a lot of “Go Gail”.
I say “GO EVERYBODY!”
If you want children to learn about this stuff, EVERYBODY has to put their hand in it.
Gail asked “what are WE going to do about it?” She did write ‘WE’.
April 6, 2009 at 12:41 pm
Gail
I will provide whatever I can. What is your regular email for things like this.
April 6, 2009 at 12:45 pm
“All those school lessons on The Food Pyramid do squat to offset the bags of potato chips and pop at home!”
You hit the nail on the head here. We can teach personal finance all we want, but it will ultimately be overridden by what they learn at home.
In my province we do have a grade 11 “human dynamics” class, of which one quarter is devoted to personal finance. I taught it to a class of grade 10s who, unfortunately, saw it as useless and actually told me they were expecting to forget it all by grade 12. I agree it would be better to wait until they have the maturity and the urgency to see its value.
We do our best, but there are some things that just need to be learned at home. Although every good teacher will try to encourage their students’ development in various ways, we can’t do everything. I think the majority of the habits our youth develop with be what they learned at home, regardless of how much personal finance is added to the curriculum. I’m all for incorporating elements of it, as long as everyone knows it’s only one piece of the puzzle (school, home, community)
April 6, 2009 at 12:59 pm
Gail
Start here. Ask for the names of the department leaders – and speak to them one after another until you hear – oh – maybe it’s important.
STRATEGIC PLANNING AND ELEMENTARY/SECONDARY PROGRAMS DIVISION
CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT POLICY BRANCH
IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW UNIT [Telephone Directory]
General Inquiry: 416-325-2500
Fax: 416-325-2575
Address:
Mowat Block
16th Flr
900 Bay St
Toronto ON M7A1L2
Description:
The main goal of the Implementation and Review Unit is to lead ongoing cycle of curriculum review and revision, and to support implementation. This unit coordinates the training initiatives for the branch to ensure coherence and acts as ongoing branch interface with key stakeholders on curriculum implementation.
April 6, 2009 at 1:06 pm
I just want to add one comment on the classes for students about money management. School can definitely teach students about money but the messages they learn at home are also very important!
When I was a high school teacher in Ontario I taught a class called Life Skills (under the old curriculum). During that class one of the components was money management and setting a budget. I gave them a take home salary (more generous than minimum – close to $30,000 in gross equivalent) and told them the general parameters of percentages for things like housing, transportation, food, entertainment etc. They had to figure out how that would look. Some had ‘roommates’ so they could have a nicer apartment. They looked a flyers for food budget expenses etc.
Imagine my surprise when one student REFUSED to the assignment since Mommy Dearest told her she could live at home as long as she wanted, rent free and would be given money. There was no incentive for her to grow up and be independent. Even after discussing it with her for 10 minutes she would not concede that she may actually have to work and budget her money. I told her that the time may come when Mommy may have her leave or what if (heaven forbid) something happened to Mommy… The poor girl would not concede that as a possibility – she was completely reliant (20 years old) on others.
Other students couldn’t believe that they only had X amount of money, many noting that they spent half of that on clothing every month, or going out with friends. I shudder to think of their parent’s finances (many did NOT come from wealthy families).
On the flip side, I also taught parenting including a section on planning financially for a baby. That short lesson opened the eyes of many students with one girl commenting at the end of semester “I wanted to have a baby by the time I was twenty but now I want to wait until I am thirty. There are so many things I want to do like travel and go to college and I know I will need to have a good income to care for a child”. I beamed with pride for her that day – she got the lessons.
In both of these first cases, students had a hard time absorbing my lessons to them since the lessons they learned from their parents were much more deeply entrenched. We can have the best curriculum in the world but it won’t make much sense if they have conflicting practices at home!
April 6, 2009 at 1:33 pm
…I see comments from teachers here that say it is useless to teach in school if it’s not taught at home, however, what if you got through to just one? Isn’t that worth it. I think we have to start somewhere. At some point we have to say enough is enough. And I think if you start young enough we may get through to even more. It may take a while, but should we just throw our hands up and say we give up because one or two refuse to do the work? I can understand that it would be frustrating to the teachers, but think of the others who may get something out of the lessons.
April 6, 2009 at 1:46 pm
I once taught a class on budgeting and preparing kids in Grade 8 for university.
Most of them saw it as a fun exercise to get to pick out their apartment, their new car, etc.. but then saw they were WAY over budget at the end of the month.
But then they’d freak out that they couldn’t get the apartment with the Jacuzzi and they just said: Well, we’d find a way. Our parents would pay, or we’d just borrow.
I was shocked but not surprised.
Only ONE KID in the ENTIRE class of 35 kids said: My dad teaches something similar, and I learned since I was 4 how to budget! I KNOW what it costs! And dad always says to get your bare minimum, then upgrade as you go along…
I was so.. so proud of him LOL….
April 6, 2009 at 1:53 pm
@michelle.. and just maybe the kids who learn these lessons in school will end up teaching their parents! you just never know.. I think it’s such a basic but important part of life that it really should be taught in schools as well as at home. In some cases though where the parents are not teaching their kids about finances or being good role models at home then school may be the only place they learn the lessons needed to thrive financially. kudos to those teachers (frugal graduate, I mean you) that try to teach our kids these life lessons even when faced with some students that don’t want to learn… I’m sure frugal graduate, that you got through to many more of them than you realized.
April 6, 2009 at 2:19 pm
Gail – on a side note.. when I clicked on the link for http://www.getrichslowly.org I’m redirected to getrichslowly.com… not sure how that happened but they don’t seem to be the same site at all.
April 6, 2009 at 2:23 pm
The high school I went to had a business department, which included classes on typing, accounting and money management (they added computer classes in the early 90s). My mom did a long term substitution for the money management teacher. One of the projects was to do research/create a budget in order to live (searching for an apartment, utilities, transportation, food etc). It included how much would you earn vs take home for x, y or z job (of different income levels). How to use a bank and right checks. The catch is that this was a class that you would never see a college bound student in. There just was not enough time in the day. When I was in school I took two years of summer school and an extra period of class for two years in order to obtain my college requirements. I think ultimately a good place to offer the information is in an economics class (taken in your senior year in California). You are already learning about the economy at large including the stock market/investing and how it works. At my high school we had economics projects where each of the economics classes became a business (restaurant) where you could buy shares. We spent all day out of class prepping and selling food and when it was over after the business paid any fines and its taxes (this went to a scholarship fund) the shares would be paid out based on the profit. If personal finances were added to this class it would make perfect sense. This same class already included career counseling, job interview prep, college applications and resumes.
As many have mentioned student may not take it seriously at the time but at some point down the road it may click and they will probably have retained at least part of the information whether they wanted to or not.
Just a thought but the first episode of the Cosby Show included a lesson on money using monopoly money. It would be a good introduction to the idea that money doesn’t stretch as far as you thing and it would be entertaining at the same time.
April 6, 2009 at 2:24 pm
Gail
OSSTF has a publication called FORUM which prints 3 or 4 times per school year. I’m not sure how you submit briefs etc. but you may want to try this lead:
Contact Information
Wendy Anes Hirschegger
Executive Assistant, Educational Services Department
OSSTF/FEESO
60 Mobile Drive,
Toronto, ON
M4A 2P3
Tel 416-751-8300
Fax 416-751-7079
Toll Free 1-800-267-7867
Also, there is a publication from the College of Teachers. I don’t know who to contact but here is some information.
Ontario College of Teachers
121 Bloor Street East
Toronto ON M4W 3M5
Telephone: 416-961-8800
Toll free in Ontario: 1-888-534-2222
Fax: 416-961-8822
E-mail: info@oct.ca
The elementary Teachers have an ebulletin @ETFO.
Elementary Teachers’ Federation of Ontario
480 University Avenue, Suite 1000
Toronto, ON M5G 1V2
Phone: 416-962-3836
Toll Free: 1-888-838-3836
Fax: 416-642-2424
http://www.OSCA.ca – Ontario Secondary Counsellors Association has a home page and a conference.
OSCA provides leadership and support in Guidance and Career Education for Guidance Teacher-Counsellors and students.
You can be a presenter. Here is the link:
INSTRUCTIONS FOR SUBMISSION
1.Electronic submissions are required. See instructions above. Please send to the OSCA 2009 Conference Planner at: hwilker@blessedevents.ca.
2.Completed proposals must be submitted by April 20, 2009. Submitted materials will not be returned.
Ontario Association for Mathematics Education:
The executive directors can be reached at:
O.A.M.E.
70 Chestnut Court
London, ON N6K 4J5
Phone / Fax: 519-471-6324
E-mail: EDs@oame.on.ca
Conference Information below:
OAME 2009: Balance: Finding the right MMIX is now open for online registration. Plan now to attend the OAME annual conference at Carleton University, Ottawa, from May 14-16, 2009. Register now for best selection. Visit http://www.oame2009.ca for more details. Please note that online registration closes on May 4. After May 4, you can register in person during the conference.
Publications:
Our publication, called ‘The Gazette’
… is indexed in the Canadian Education Index and is published four times per year. It is the major periodical for mathematics education in Ontario. Interesting, relevant articles are written by some of the most outstanding mathematicians and educators in Ontario and North America. You can view samples of articles from previous issues by clicking here …
Current Issue: Volume 47 # 1 – September 2008
Also included in every Gazette is an issue of the OAME/AOEM
The Abacus is a publication that focuses on the needs of the elementary mathematics teacher.
Submission of Articles
Referred articles for the Gazette should be submitted to STEWART CRAVEN at:
STEWART CRAVEN
Gazette Editor, Ontario Mathematics Gazette
118 Gledhill Ave
Toronto ON
M4C 5K8
April 6, 2009 at 3:26 pm
I agree that lessons at home are the most powerful when it comes to money. Information taught at school is important, but if the kids come home to see their parents contradicting every lesson, they’ll most likely believe their parents and not their teachers, to have the answers.
April 6, 2009 at 5:04 pm
I think it is wonderful to advocate for courses in schools to teach money management and budgeting. BUT, I have worked in schools for 10 years – and schools are also being asked to teach, empathy, mediation, technology, sports education, sexual abuse education, dating violence, . . . (you get the picture) this is in addition to the reading, writing and math that is essential (never mind science, social studies, political studies and health).
Schools are a part of the social structure of our society, BUT the essential unit that our society is based on is the family. Rather than advocating in schools – how about supporting parents to do this.
Children are in school for approxiametly 600 hours a year (including lunch and recess). They are with their families for close to 7,000 hours in a year – so where is the best investment of our time and effort? Educating families to teach their children (and role model appropriate behaviours) or ask a teacher with a classroom of 30 students (3 who have special needs) to incorporate this into their curriculm?
April 6, 2009 at 5:16 pm
I think the most important lessons are learned both at home and at school.
I remember taking a business math course in Grade 12 and thinking oh god this is going to be boring! It was the best class ever bc it had to do with compounding interest and if I started saving just $100/month then I could have a million by 65 years old at retirement. I wish I had listened especially now I am 30 and just started a few years ago with my husband saving. But I will never forget that teacher it was a very realistic personal finance course and explained the basics of running a business. Great information!!
At home my mom and dad were very private about their own financial situation but I remember my mom sitting down on a monthly basis to do her cheques and balance system from their chequing account. She would make sure every cheque was accounted for. I sat down with her and she would show me how to do it. It was a good lesson. I wish my parents had been more open with the rest of their financial situation.
The last few years following Gail is when I have learned the most though and I have actually followed through which feels even better…..
I feel very strongly about bringing finances into kids lives I sure hope something happens soon! We have already seen what disastrous effects ignorance can have on the financial system on a global basis. Yikes!!
April 6, 2009 at 9:41 pm
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April 6, 2009 at 10:23 pm
Teaching: fact is that NOT everybody will get it.
You want to change who tomorrow’s family about money talks, teach today’s kids!
April 6, 2009 at 10:40 pm
#Devil’s advocate#
What would you like us to remove from the program to make room for personal finance?
April 7, 2009 at 8:46 am
I think a good place to start is to teach kids (and their parents) to know what they are signing. The importance of understanding a contract would open a lot of peoples eyes that would actually take action if they only knew.
Case in point – my wife and I just put a tentative offer on a new home in a soon to be built area. I read the entire contract letter by letter, found about 10 modifications that needed to be made in order to not sign away all our rights during building. I also discovered that hidden in that contract was a clause about a large section of the development that had known water issues in the basements and would be prone to flooding (not for me thanks!). It turned out that I was the first person of the 81 prior people who had signed that actually noticed that and requested a site survey to see if our house was going to be close to that area. Even the other sales agent that had bought a house in the development had missed it. Its a bit disconcerting that I would be the first person to notice that (and we’re first time home buyers too).
An assignment where kids pretend to apply to a credit card, buy a car etc and then have to figure out how to handle a scenario (ie lost job, cashflow change) after the purchase, but comply with the contract they signed might be a real eye opener.
- Ed
April 7, 2009 at 1:25 pm
There is a very small article on this on Page A2 of the Toronto Star today (Tuesday, April 7 2009). It is called “Teach the ABCs of finance, debt as early as Grade 4, trustee urges’ by Kristin Rushowy
April 9, 2009 at 7:12 pm
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April 9, 2009 at 7:13 pm
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